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Paul McKenna helps Ellen Degeneres to quit smoking
An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program.
S. L. Shapiro and colleagues (2006) have described a testable theory of the mechanisms of mindfulness and how it affects positive change. They describe a model in which mindfulness training leads to a fundamental change in relationship to experience (reperceiving), which leads to changes in self-regulation, values clarification, cognitive and behavioral flexibility, and exposure. These four variables, in turn, result in salutogenic outcomes. Analyses of responses from participants in a mindfulness-based stress-reduction program did not support the mediating effect of changes in reperceiving on the relationship of mindfulness with those four variables. However, when mindfulness and reperceiving scores were combined, partial support was found for the mediating effect of the four variables on measures of psychological distress. Issues arising in attempts to test the proposed theory are discussed, including the description of the model variables and the challenges to their assessment. Copyright 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
J Clin Psychol. 2009 Jun;65(6):613-26. Carmody J, Baer RA, L B Lykins E, Olendzki N. University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. james.carmody@umassmed.edu
It is sad to see middle-age and older people who display the cumulative effects of long-term smoking. Many years of cigar, cigarette, or pipe smoking seems to affect every cell and organ in their body. You can see it in their complexions and hear it in their voices. Those that eventually come to see me, tell me that they have always been aware of the long-term consequences. However, they say that they could never successful quit the habit. Unfortunately, while it is never too late to give up smoking, but the time that we meet, the damage to their body is extensive.
Many people have a very big problem with being able to forgive others. Often their difficulty is to the fact their memory of a particularly uncomfortable event causes them to physically relive the unpleasantness that originally occurred. Hypnotherapists call this phenomenon revivification. This is especially severe when a person has obsessive thoughts during which they ruminate. When you combine a tendency to ruminate with a revivification, it becomes practically impossible for someone to forgive.
Therefore, in severe instances a person’s inability to forgive is much like any other...
Good stress puts wind in our sails. It makes things happen. However, when we fail to balance our lives, excessive negative stress can make our existence a living hell. When we lack confidence that we can handle a situation our brain and body go into a defensive, fight-flight reaction. The major organs of our body cease to function adequately and our immune system becomes suppressed. When stress never lets up, this chronic condition can make do more than ruin our happiness and relationships. It can also destroy our health.
You probably know people who thrive on challenge and seem to...
